requestId:68499ac64999b4.71817991.
The post-war reconstruction of the “Arizontally Age” of Jaspers and European civilization
Author: Dong Chenglong (speaker of Beijing Foreign Languages Major History/Global History Research Institute)
Source: Author Author Authorized by Confucian Network Published
Original “Exploration and Contest” Issue 3, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 2570s and the first day of the sixth month of Jihai
The study of the “Axial Age” in the academic community is importantly located in historical comparisons or used to oppose central Europe; clarifying the historical meaning of the “Axial Age” will help to accurately locate the art and the historical philosophy of Jaspers. Through text assessment of historical context, we can find that the proposal of the Axis Age and its accompanying world historical events include in-depth contemporary energy diagnosis:
(1) Use the new “European energy” to fight against the Nazi’s “energy”; (2) Use the civilization resonance of the Axis Age to fight against the Axis Age’s alliance; (3) Use the “world order” to fight against the Nazi’s “world empire”; (4) Use the world to fight against the European world, and use the European Germany to fight against the German Europe. However, the “Arizontally Age” against it by imitating the “Arizontally Age” can also fall into the trap of thinking of this vocabulary, and later generations should use contemplation with caution.
Karl Jaspers (1883-1969) and Mussolini (1883-1945) in the same year, he finally accompanied the historical process of post-war reconstruction of Nazi politics and European civilization. In 1937, Jaspers was released and returned to school in 1946 to participate in the reconstruction of Heidelberg. In 1948, Jaspers left his country, and lived in and taught in Barsell, Switzerland, where he succeeded his position in Heidelberg.
The interpretation of this follower reminds readers to assess the “history of consequences” of the work. Once the text is asked, it is out of the author’s control, and the author’s intention becomes a multi-minded explanation of the indefinite interpretation. Yasbals once believed that the night civilization was synchronized between 800 BC and 200 BC. This period was the “Achsenzeit”. Although his own letters, essays and works rarely mentioned the “Achsenzeit”, in his “history of consequences”, this term is undoubtedly a high-profile word.
In the Han Chinese community, the “Arizontally Age” is often used to illustrate the absurdity of the theory in central Europe, and it also forms a “history of consequences” beyond the author’s intentions. This language is sometimes translated as “spike period” or “spike period”. Some commentators point out that it should be translated as “spike period”, and it is divided from the “spike” of “spike state” (Achsenmächte), otherwise it would be disrespectful. [1] The problem is, even if technically dealt with during translation, how can I explain the shared root of the word “Achse” with “Axial”?
Researching this problem may lead to the historical intention of the “Age of the Axis of the Axis”. This article will take Jaspers’s “On the European Spirit” (1946) as a reference, combines works such as “The Origin and Target of History” (1949) and “Die großen Philosophen” (1959), and uses his autobiography and his letters with books from Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) and others to evaluate the historical context.
1. European reconstruction and world history
Jasbers attended the first annual meeting of the Geneva International Conference in September 1946. The theme was very interesting, and he laughed. It is “Vom europäischen Geist”. The Nazi government used the word “Geist” to shape its meaning. This is not only a German phenomenon, but also an international phenomenon. [2] Then, it is not only a meeting on “European energy” one year after the end of the Second War, which is of particular significance.
Jasbers wrote in his diary: “Those who survive the difficulties must have shoulders彩官网彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩� Yasbers pointed out that China, India and Europe are three parallel development energy, originating from 800 BC to 200 BC, namely the “center of world history.” [4]
When discussing the ring, no one mentioned “sudden heart” anymore. Of course, it was because he did not use it as an art, even YasseBeers only spoke twice in his speech, but considering that he published “The Origin and Target of History” three years later, and there, “Axial Heart” is undoubtedly a major art. At this time, Jaspers applied “Axial Heart”, and probably decided to do it and make a living. Avoiding no talk, for fear that it is precisely because the historical context of the Second War forced them to be alert to the “silent mind”. After all, the eagerness to surrender at that time was to “turn to Nazi” (Entnazifizierung), and “silent mind” and “head of the head” were both NaziTaiwan Baozhuang Network failed words.
During the Nazi regime, many colleagues were impressed by the authorities, and Jaspers was not moved, “if the Romans lived, they would definitely be granted the title of the powerful.” [5] In this case, why did he apply words near Nazi art after the end of the Nazi?
On September 18, 1946, Jaspers wrote to Arente, revealing his reliance on this meeting: “Some people have developed the European energy into a kind of European racialism. But wise people think of everything in this world.”[6] Jaspers is concerned about the whole world, not just Europe or Germany, In touch with his crimes, he decided: “Everyone is responsible for cooperation, and this lies in the source of his cooperation and his goal.” [7]
Therefore, after living in Barcelona in 1948, his important task of “participating in the mission of the times” was to find the “road to the world philosophy that will come” after the “final end of European philosophy” [8]. From 1947 to 1948, Jaspers wrote a letter to Asrente, and both of them mentioned a discussion on three major civilizations as the source of world history:
I also had a lecture on Germany during this period—I think it was the last time. In the next period, I plan to talk about modern philosophy (China, India and Greece). (Introduced by the author: This plan is a bit arrogant because I want to rely on the translation of various Asian worlds. During the Nazi period, I was happy to be a humane foundation, and now I plan to make it appear in my studies. [9]
The “Grenzsituationen” of the Second War allowed Jaspers to transform from post-war German problems to modern philosophical problems – in other words, we must understand classical civilization so that we can do a good job in post-war European civilization reconstruction. “The Source and Target of History” has a lot of “world history”, which is obviously discussing the origin and goals of world history. Jaspers planned to define four stages of world history:
(1) The Prometheus era (language, the structure of things, the application of fire), and people become humans; (2) modern highThe foundation of civilization; (3) In the axial era, people become real people in energy and have complete openness (the first part of “The Origin and Target of History” is “World History”, and the first chapter of “World History” is “Age of Axial Chinese”, “is a standard that clearly equates to balance the historical meaning of various ethnic groups for the overall human body”; (4) The scientific and technological era.
When you walk through these four stages, you have had “two breaths”. The first time is from the Prometheus era to the Axial Heart, and the second time begins in the scientific and technological era, which is the “Neo-Prometheus era” or the “Second Axial Heart”. [10]
Another way of saying the four stages of world history is the three stages of “world pattern”: prehistoric era, history and world history. The Age of Heart is the arrival of history. From the Age of Heart, it is not about the “history” in human or biological meaning, but about the history that belongs to the world. In the eyes of Jaspers, the history before the era of scientific and technological advancement is only partial history, not real world history.
It is impossible to deny that during this period between the axial and scientific and technological era, the world literature has not produced a real world history process. However,
